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We present optical spectroscopy, ultraviolet to infrared imaging and X-rayobservations of the intermediate luminosity optical transient (ILOT) SN 2010dain NGC 300 (d=1.86 Mpc) spanning from -6 to +6 years relative to the time ofoutburst in 2010. Based on the light curve and multi-epoch SEDs of SN 2010da,we conclude that the progenitor of SN 2010da is a ~10-12 Msol yellow supergiantpossibly transitioning into a blue loop phase. During outburst, SN 2010da had apeak absolute magnitude of M<-10.4 mag, dimmer than other ILOTs and supernovaimpostors. We detect multi-component hydrogen Balmer, Paschen, and Ca IIemission lines in our high-resolution spectra, which indicate a dusty andcomplex circumstellar environment. Since the 2010 eruption, the star hasbrightened by a factor of ~5 and remains highly variable in the optical.Furthermore, we detect SN 2010da in archival Swift and Chandra observations asan ultraluminous X-ray source (L~6x10^{39} erg/s). We additionally attribute HeII 4686 Angstrom and coronal Fe emission lines in addition to a steady X-rayluminosity of ~10^{37} erg/s to the presence of a compact companion.

The Intermediate Luminosity Optical Transient SN 2010da: The Progenitor, Eruption and Aftermath of a Peculiar Supergiant High-mass X-ray Binary