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Direct imaging observations of protoplanetary disks at near-infrared (NIR)wavelengths have revealed structures of potentially planetary origin.Investigations of observational signatures from planet-induced features have sofar focused on disks viewed face-on. Combining 3D hydrodynamics and radiativetransfer simulations, we study how the appearance of the spiral arms and thegap produced in a disk by a companion varies with inclination and positionangle in NIR scattered light. We compare the cases of a $3M_{\rm J}$ and a$0.1M_{\odot}$ companion, and make predictions suitable for testing withGemini/GPI, VLT/NACO/SPHERE, and Subaru/HiCIAO/SCExAO. We find that the twotrailing arms produced by an external perturber can have a variety ofmorphologies in inclined systems - they may appear as one trailing arm; twotrailing arms on the same side of the disk; or two arms winding in oppositedirections. The disk ring outside a planetary gap may also mimic spiral armswhen viewed at high inclinations. We suggest potential explanations for thefeatures observed in HH 30, HD 141569 A, AK Sco, HD 100546, and AB Aur. Weemphasize that inclined views of companion-induced features cannot be convertedinto face-on views using simple and commonly practiced image deprojections.

How Spirals and Gaps Driven by Companions in Protoplanetary Disks Appear in Scattered Light at Arbitrary Viewing Angles