English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

We conduct precise strong lensing mass modeling of four ${\it Hubble}$Frontier Fields (HFF) clusters, Abell$~$2744, MACS$~$J0416.1$-$2403,MACS$~$J0717.5$+$3745, and MACS$~$J1149.6$+$2223, for which HFF imagingobservations are completed. We construct a refined sample of more than 100multiple images for each cluster by taking advantage of the full depth HFFimages, and conduct mass modeling using the ${\small \rm GLAFIC}$ software,which assumes simply parametrized mass distributions. Our mass modeling alsoexploits a magnification constraint from the lensed Type Ia supernova HFF14Tomfor Abell$~$2744 and positional constraints from the multiple images S1$-$S4 ofthe lensed supernova SN Refsdal for MACS$~$J1149.6$+$2223. We find that ourbest-fitting mass models reproduce the observed image positions with RMS errorsof $\sim 0.4$ arcsec, which are smaller than RMS errors in previous massmodeling that adopted similar numbers of multiple images. Our model predicts anew image of SN Refsdal with a relative time delay and magnification that arefully consistent with a recent detection of reappearance. We then constructcatalogs of $z\sim 6-9$ dropout galaxies behind the four clusters and estimatemagnification factors for these dropout galaxies with our best-fitting massmodels. The dropout sample from the four cluster fields contains $\sim 120$galaxies at $z\gtrsim 6$, about 20 of which are predicted to be magnified by afactor of more than 10. Some of the high-redshift galaxies detected in the HFFhave lensing-corrected magnitudes of $M_{\rm UV}\sim -15$ to $-14$. Ouranalysis demonstrates that the HFF data indeed offer an ideal opportunity tostudy faint high-redshift galaxies. All lensing maps produced from our massmodeling will be made available on the STScI website.

Precise Strong Lensing Mass Modeling of Four Hubble Frontier Fields Clusters and a Sample of Magnified High-Redshift Galaxies