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The Multicolor Simultaneous Camera for studying Atmospheres of Transitingexoplanets (MuSCAT) is an optical three-band (g'_2-, r'_2-, and z_{s,2}-band)imager that was recently developed for the 188cm telescope at OkayamaAstrophysical Observatory with the aim of validating and characterizingtransiting planets. In a pilot observation with MuSCAT we observed a primarytransit of HAT-P-14b, a high-surface gravity (g_p=38 ms^{-2}) hot Jupiteraround a bright (V=10) F-type star. From a 2.9 hr observation, we achieved thefive-minute binned photometric precisions of 0.028%, 0.022%, and 0.024% in theg'_2, r'_2, and z_{s,2} bands, respectively, which provided the highest-qualityphotometric data for this planet. Combining these results with those ofprevious observations, we search for variations of transit timing and durationover five years as well as variations of planet-star radius ratio (R_p/R_s)with wavelengths, but can find no considerable variation in any parameters. Onthe other hand, using the transit-subtracted light curves we simulateachievable measurement error of R_p/R_s with MuSCAT for various planetarysizes, assuming three types of host stars: HAT-P-14, the nearby K dwarfHAT-P-11, and the nearby M dwarf GJ1214. Comparing our results with theexpected atmospheric scale heights, we find that MuSCAT is capable of probingthe atmospheres of planets as small as a sub-Jupiter (R_p ~6 R_Earth) aroundHAT-P-14 in all bands, a Neptune (~4R_Earth) around HAT-P-11 in all bands, anda super-Earth (~2.5R_Earth) around GJ1214 in r'_2 and z_{s,2} bands. Theseresults promise that MuSCAT will produce fruitful scientific outcomes in the K2and TESS era.

Demonstrating High-precision, Multiband Transit Photometry with MuSCAT: A Case for HAT-P-14b