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Recent observations indicate that in a large fraction of binary neutron star(BNS) mergers a long-lived neutron star (NS) may be formed rather than a blackhole. Unambiguous electromagnetic (EM) signatures of such a scenario wouldstrongly impact our knowledge on how short gamma-ray bursts (SGRBs) and theirafterglow radiation are generated. Furthermore, such EM signals would haveprofound implications for multimessenger astronomy with joint EM andgravitational-wave (GW) observations of BNS mergers, which will soon becomereality with the ground-based advanced LIGO/Virgo GW detector network startingits first science run this year. Here we explore such EM signatures based onthe model presented in a companion paper, which provides a self-consistentevolution of the post-merger system and its EM emission starting from an earlybaryonic wind phase and resulting in a final pulsar wind nebula that isconfined by the previously ejected material. Lightcurves and spectra arecomputed for a wide range of post-merger physical properties and particularattention is paid to the emission in the X-ray band. In the context of SGRBafterglow modeling, we present X-ray lightcurves corresponding to the'standard' and the recently proposed 'time-reversal' scenario (SGRB promptemission produced at the time of merger or at the time of collapse of thelong-lived NS). The resulting afterglow lightcurve morphologies include, inparticular, single and two-plateau features with timescales and luminositiesthat are in good agreement with the observations by the Swift satellite.Furthermore, we compute the X-ray signal that should precede the SGRB in thetime-reversal scenario. If found, such a signal would represent smoking-gunevidence for this scenario. Finally, we find a bright, highly isotropic EMtransient signal peaking in the X-ray band ...

Electromagnetic emission from long-lived binary neutron star merger remnants II: lightcurves and spectra