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We investigate the nucleosynthesis process in high-entropy ($s/k_{\rmB}\gtrsim100$) and very fast-expanding ($\tau_{\rm exp}\sim10^{-3}\ {\rm s}$)materials. In such a material with the electron fraction near 0.5, aninteresting nucleosynthesis process occurs. In this process, the abundancedistribution of heavy-nuclei of $A>100$ achieve quasi-statistical equilibrium(QSE) at high temperature and the abundances are frozen at the end of thenucleosynthesis. We explain this abundance distribution using the"alpha-constrained QSE" abundances formulated in this paper. We demonstratethat this nucleosynthesis would occur in neutrino-driven winds from massiveproto-neutron stars in hypernovae, where $A\sim140$ $p$-nuclei are synthesized.

Alpha-constrained QSE Nucleosynthesis in High-entropy and Fast-expanding Material