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We introduce the Swift Gamma-Ray Burst Host Galaxy Legacy Survey ("SHOALS"),a multi-observatory high-redshift galaxy survey targeting the largest unbiasedsample of long-duration gamma-ray burst hosts yet assembled (119 in total). Wedescribe the motivations of the survey and the development of our selectioncriteria, including an assessment of the impact of various observabilitymetrics on the success rate of afterglow-based redshift measurement. We brieflyoutline our host-galaxy observational program, consisting of deep Spitzer/IRACimaging of every field supplemented by similarly-deep, multi-color optical/NIRphotometry, plus spectroscopy of events without pre-existing redshifts. Ouroptimized selection cuts combined with host-galaxy follow-up have so farenabled redshift measurements for 110 targets (92%) and placed upper limits onall but one of the remainder. About 20% of GRBs in the sample are heavilydust-obscured, and at most 2% originate from z>5.5. Using this sample weestimate the redshift-dependent GRB rate density, showing it to peak at z~2.5and fall by about an order of magnitude towards low (z=0) redshift, whiledeclining more gradually towards high (z~7) redshift. This behavior isconsistent with a progenitor whose formation efficiency varies modestly overcosmic history. Our survey will permit the most detailed examination to date ofthe connection between the GRB host population and general star-forminggalaxies, directly measure evolution in the host population over cosmic timeand discern its causes, and provide new constraints on the fraction of cosmicstar-formation occurring in undetectable galaxies at all redshifts.

The Swift Gamma-Ray Burst Host Galaxy Legacy Survey - I. Sample Selection and Redshift Distribution