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The dynamical influence of binary companions is expected to profoundlyinfluence planetary systems. However, the difficulty of identifying planets inbinary systems has left the magnitude of this effect uncertain; despitenumerous theoretical hurdles to their formation and survival, at least somebinary systems clearly host planets. We present high-resolution imaging of 382Kepler Objects of Interest (KOIs) obtained using adaptive-optics imaging andnonredundant aperture-mask interferometry (NRM) on the Keck-II telescope. Amongthe full sample of 506 candidate binary companions to KOIs, we super-resolvesome binary systems to projected separations of <5 AU, showing that planetsmight form in these dynamically active environments. However, the fulldistribution of projected separations for our planet-host sample more broadlyreveals a deep paucity of binary companions at solar-system scales. For a fieldbinary population, we should have found 58 binary companions with projectedseparation \rho < 50 AU and mass ratio q > 0.4; we instead only found 23companions (a 4.6 sigma deficit), many of which must be wider pairs that areonly close in projection. When the binary population is parametrized with asemimajor axis cutoff a_cut and a suppression factor inside that cutoff S_bin,we find with correlated uncertainties that inside a_cut = 47 +59/-23 AU, theplanet occurrence rate in binary systems is only S_bin = 0.34 +0.14/-0.15 timesthat of wider binaries or single stars. Our results demonstrate that a fifth ofall solar-type stars in the Milky Way are disallowed from hosting planetarysystems due to the influence of a binary companion.

The Impact of Stellar Multiplicity on Planetary Systems, I.: The Ruinous Influence of Close Binary Companions