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<div align="justify">Problem statement: The mechanism, by which the Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus&#13; latirostris) vocalizes, remains unknown because the manatee larynx does not contain true vocal cords.&#13; Since sound can be generated when air passes through a narrow respiratory structure we needed to&#13; visualize the internal anatomy of manatee respiratory tract to locate any candidate regions for study.&#13; Approach: To visualize the internal anatomy of upper and lower manatee respiratory tract we have&#13; developed a rapid but accurate method of modeling these structures using liquid silicone. We first&#13; tested this technique on the respiratory structure of a cadaver dog and then applied it to two small&#13; manatees which had died through natural causes. Incisions were made in the trachea of both dog and&#13; manatees and commercially available liquid silicone was then forced into the upper and lower&#13; respiratory tracts used a slightly modified common automobile grease gun. The animals were then&#13; refrigerated overnight and the silicone was allowed to cure for a period of 24 h. Results: In dog, we&#13; removed cured silicone model by applying mild force to it after surgically opening the nasal cavity. In&#13; the manatees some dissection was necessary for release of mold from the upper nasal cavity, but only&#13; mild force was necessary with no dissection to release silicone model from the lower tract. Because the&#13; models created exhibited great accuracy and fine structure, including presence of tertiary bronchi in&#13; the manatee respiratory tract, we realized that the technique was applicable for use in other hollow&#13; organs. We applied this method to the visualization of internal structure of a fresh beef heart and were&#13; pleased with the accuracy and detail of model produced. Conclusion: We suggest that this technique&#13; can be adopted for three-dimensional visualization of the internal structure and volume estimation of&#13; many hollow organs in a wide variety of organisms with both minimal effort and cost.</div

Silicone Modeling of the Interior Spaces of Hollow Organs: Use in Dog and Manatee Respiratory Tract and in a Beef Heart