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Medical images  such as  x-rays,  ultrasounds and Magnetic Resonance Imaging  (MRI)  plays  an  important  role  in  helping  the  physicians  to  diagnose  a  disease  or  body conditions. These images can be tampered with existing image processing tools that is easily available. The  usage  of  security  measures  such  as  watermarking  can  protect  the  integrity  of  the  images. Numerous watermarking schemes with basic security functions and even tampered image recovery are available.  But  there  is  no  research  on  the  experimentation  of  watermarking  in  the  operational environment  that  involves  Picture  Archiving  and  Communication  Systems  (PACS). Approach:  This study  focused  on  the  experiment  of  selected  watermarking  scheme  running  in  a  simulated  Digital Imaging  and  Communications  in  Medicine  (DICOM)  compliant  PACS  environment.  A  tamper detection  and  recovery  watermarking  was  applied  to an  ultrasound  image.  Image  will  then  be transferred  to  another  computer  within  the  PACS.  Transferred  and  non-transferred  image  were tampered in the exact manner. The effectiveness of the watermarking scheme is known by comparing its  recovery  rates  between  these  two  tampered  images. Results:  The  result  showed  that  both transferred  and  non-transferred  image  had  the  recovery  rates  of  100%  and  recovered  areas  were identical. Conclusion:  The  result  of  the  experiment  showed  that  the  selected  watermarking  scheme remains  effective  in  a  PACS  environment.  Further  development  is  needed  for  a  program  that  embeds watermark  into  images  before  it  is  sent  to  the  PACS  archive  server  for  storage.  The  watermarking scheme tested needs to be further improved to be reversible for better implementation in PACS. \ud\u

Experiment of Tamper Detection and Recovery Watermarking in Picture Archiving and Communication Systems