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Problem statement: Human leptospirosis -- the most widespread zoonotic disease -- thrives&#13; well in tropical and subtropical climates. It is seldom addressed ex ante or prior to an outbreak, or&#13; expected outbreak, by governments of high-risk countries. Whether common, post-exposure treatment&#13; with antimicrobial drugs is more cost-efficient than reducing animal reservoir populations was the&#13; overarching question that guided this study. A related question in this study was how to establish&#13; comparability of price or cost estimates for these two treatment methods. Approach: Annualized&#13; price samples of government-approved, antimicrobial therapies, particularly antibiotics, and&#13; appropriate anti-rat/anti-rodent chemical agents (rodenticides) were gathered from three leptospirosisendemic&#13; countries: Brazil, the Philippines and Sri Lanka. Certain price data were adjusted for present&#13; value based on a linear cost accounting function. Two-tailed hypothesis-testing (&#945; = 0.05) was performed&#13; to determine any statistically significant differences in pricing antimicrobial therapies and rodenticides in&#13; each country under investigation. Results: Shared environmental issues and socio-demographic&#13; characteristics of infected populations appear to support the need for ex ante containment of rat/rodent&#13; reservoir populations in high-risk tropical and subtropical countries. In each t-tested country, we found&#13; that tcrit>tobs>-tcrit. Therefore, the null hypothesis, &#956;antimicrobial = &#956;rodenticides; &#956;antimicrobial - µrodenticides = 0, could&#13; not be rejected in favor of the alternative hypothesis, &#956;antimicrobial &#8800; &#956;rodenticides; &#956;antimicrobial - &#956;rodenticides &#8800; 0.&#13; Conclusion: Applications of Price Estimation (PE) methods in financial economics, such as present&#13; value, help optimize health decisions concerning zoonotic diseases. Leptospira transmission in Brazil,&#13; the Philippines and Sri Lanka illuminate the need for broad and cohesive policies that take into account&#13; zoocentric measures. These may be critical in high-risk, tropical and subtropical countries that&#13; periodically experience flooding, standing water and increased rainfall

Leptospirosis in the Tropics: When Prevention Doesn’t Easily Sell as a Ton of Cure