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Problem statement: In this study, the behavior of abutment wall in full height frame&#13; integral abutment bridges was investigated. It was seen that the effect of backfill soil resistance on&#13; behavior of abutment wall movement is mostly neglected in previous studies. In this research, the final&#13; bridge superstructure displacement under temperature-induced forces was formulated. In addition,&#13; according to the final bridge displacement, the earth pressure that acts as a resistant force on the bridge&#13; abutment using the new equation from British design manual for roads and bridges, BA 42/96 was&#13; used. Besides, in the construction of integral bridges, the deck and girders are mostly encased into&#13; abutment wall, which makes these bridge components as fixed elements. This fix connectivity makes&#13; the top abutment wall move along with the bridge deck. Moreover, the abutment wall in integral&#13; bridges is made of reinforced concrete and thus, it could be assumed as a rigid mass that has a linear&#13; deformation behavior. Approach: To implement a new method to calculate the amount of abutment&#13; wall movement at different elevations in full height frame abutment integral bridges, considering the&#13; parameters such as temperature changes, bridge deck elongation and the backfill soil resistance. First,&#13; internal forces of the bridge abutment were formulated. They were all presented as functions of bridge&#13; deck final displacement. Second, different methods to calculate the soil lateral pressure were used.&#13; Third, the numerical modeling was applied and the corresponding results due to the bridge deck&#13; elongation were extracted. Fourth, the results obtained from phases two and three were compared to&#13; obtain some conclusion. Results: The results derived in this study, consisted of four data sets. First, the&#13; existing forces such as the bridge deck elongation force, the backfill soil resistance etc. were&#13; formulated according to the bridge final displacement. Then after, the static principals revealed the&#13; amount of deck final elongation. For the second set, different correlations such as British Standard,&#13; Massachusetts manual and etc. which had considered the effect of deck final displacement in their&#13; formulas were presented and with regard to the first part, the backfill reactions were obtained. For the&#13; third set, by combining the results from set one and two, different values for the deck final&#13; displacement were derived. For the next step, according to the fix connectivity of the abutment and the&#13; bridge deck, the abutment top elevation displacement was set equal to the deck final displacement. For&#13; the bottom elevation, because of the rigidity of the wall and the rotational behavior about its&#13; foundation, the displacement was set zero. Therefore, by assuming linear deformation behavior of rigid&#13; masses, the abutment deformation profile for different elevations was concluded. For the last set, the&#13; bridge computer model was built using SAP2000 and the corresponding results were collected.&#13; Conclusion: It was seen that, generally, except for some certain cases, all the used correlations in this&#13; study were in a close agreement either with each other or with the Finite Element data. British&#13; Standard method had the closest results to the finite element data and thus preferably it is&#13; recommended while the others not denied

Investigation of Abutment Displacement of a Full Height Integral Bridges in Dense Granule Backfill