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Problem statement: In many hot arid countries, pregnant Holstein Friesian heifers are&#13; imported for herd replacement. The calves obtained from exotic cows are exposed to adverse climate&#13; in feedlot system resulting in very high morbidity and mortality rates. Diarrhea, dehydration and deaths&#13; are causing a major loss to the producers. This study examines the Risk Rates (RR) for morbidity and&#13; mortality in pre-weaned calves. Approach: Thirteen commercial dairy farms of small, medium and&#13; large sizes were surveyed using 1,280 newborn calves. A survey was conducted for calves from their&#13; birth to weaning at 90 day. Parameters of the study were birth weights, colostrum feeding, growth rate,&#13; incidences of diseases, clinical symptoms, post-mortem findings and results of laboratory investigations&#13; of samples obtained from sick and dead calves. Calf housing and feeding management of 13 farms were&#13; investigated. Results: RR for morbidity and mortality ranged from 0.3-1.00 and being highest during the&#13; first week. Most common disease was diarrhea representing 90.6% of the total calves affected. Common&#13; pathogens causing diarrhea were E. coli, Salmonella sp. Klebsiella, Pasturella and rotavirus.&#13; Relationship between calf management and morbidity RR for diarrhea was significant (r2 = 627, p = 0.01)&#13; and the growth rate was positively correlated (r2 = 0.761, p = 0.1). Diarrhea caused a significant negative&#13; impact on gross margins of the calf enterprises. Conclusion: Colostrum feeding and housing&#13; management were the key factors for causing a high RR for morbidity and mortality. Gross margin&#13; loss was significantly influenced by morbidity and mortality RR of calves

Diarrhea in Pre-Weaned Calves: Relative Risk Rates for Morbidity and Mortality in 13 Commercial Farms of Hot Arid Zone