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Problem statement: Establishment of upper normal limits of physiological hypertrophy in&#13; response to physical training is important in the differentiation of physiological and pathological left&#13; ventricular hypertrophy. The goal of our study was to investigate the normal upper limits of cardiac&#13; dimensions in elite athletes in Jordan in different types of sports (8 soccer players, 8 sprinters, 8 long&#13; distance runners, 6 weight lifters, 6 body builders). Approach: A total of 36 male athletes age 25Â±5 years&#13; of age, representing various sports were examined using standard two-dimensional guided M-mode&#13; and Doppler echocardiography to evaluate cardiac dimensions. Results: Results showed that 36 male&#13; athletes, 24 (66.6%) presented with LVEDD â¥50 mm with an upper limits of 53.4 mm sd 3.15, only&#13; 12 subjects (33.3%) presented with wall thickness values â¥11 mm, sd 0.53. None were found to have&#13; maximum wall thickness greater than 13 mm. There was a significant difference (p<0.05) between&#13; investigated sports in the left ventricular mass and left ventricular mass index in favor of endurance&#13; athletes. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure function was within normal limits for all athletes. Results&#13; from the present study suggested that upper normal limits for LV wall thickness and LV mass are 11.0&#13; mm and 235.4 g m for elite male Jordanian athletes. Conclusion: There is a sport-specific left ventricular&#13; adaptation, the endurance heart differ significantly from the rest of the athletes investigated heart

The Upper Limit of Physiological Cardiac Hypertrophy in Elite Male Athletes