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Problem statement: Mining activities involve the removal of the vegetal cover and the soil&#13; organic layer, causing a severe environmental impact. In Northeast Brazil, 40% of the worlds crude&#13; gypsum is found in a semiarid area, making this region responsible for 95% of the gypsum demand in&#13; the national market. Although economically important, this activity is harmful to the environment.&#13; Studies of soil microbiological and biochemical attributes can help in the identification of the&#13; limitations of impacted ecosystems, providing data to define strategies for sustainability of such&#13; environments. Approach: To evaluate and compare the biological state of preserved and mining&#13; degraded semiarid soils, a native preserved area and areas impacted by gypsum mining were selected&#13; at the Araripina Experimental Station, located in the semiarid region of Pernambuco State, Northeast&#13; Brazil. The four sampling areas included: (1) A native, preserved ï¿½caatingaï¿½ area with spine bearing&#13; trees and shrubs and some characteristic xerophytic plants (AN); (2) An area surrounding the mine,&#13; presenting the same type of vegetation although already degraded (AM); (3) A waste deposit area&#13; (AR); (4) Interface area between the waste deposit and a mining degraded area (AI). Samples were&#13; taken in each area (1000 m2) during two periods: wet (December/2003, Rainfall = 28.7 mm) and dry&#13; (September/2004, Rainfall = 1.3 mm). Results: Fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis values, microbial&#13; biomass C and basal respiration were higher in the preserved caatinga than in the impacted areas.&#13; The gypsum mining activity reduced the concentration of easily extractable glomalin in relation to the&#13; native caatinga area in both sampling periods. Higher deposits of total glomalin also occurred in the&#13; native area, however, mainly during the wet period. Conclusion: The mining activity produced a&#13; negative impact on the soil microbiota, reducing the total enzymatic activity. The microbial biomass&#13; was significantly lower in the waste deposit area than in the native and interface areas. The results&#13; indicated that the mining activity is harmful to the soil microbiota in this area and that glomalin can be&#13; a useful indicator of soil disturbance

Glomalin Production and Microbial Activity in Soils Impacted by Gypsum Mining in a Brazilian Semiarid Area