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Problem statement: Many agro-industrial wastes have little or none utilization, when these&#13; materials could be a very rich source of several value-added compounds, such as: the pecan nut shells,&#13; which contain Antioxidant Phenolic (AP) molecules like tannins. Approach: In this study, a&#13; bioprocess for the liberation of AP from Pecan Nut Shells (PNS) was described. A chemical&#13; characterization of raw material was evaluated to determine polyphenolic content of PNS, among other&#13; components. Several fungal culture systems were evaluated at 96 h fermentation processes and using&#13; PNS as sole carbon source. Solid (SSC) and Submerged (SmC) fermentations were carried out using&#13; three strains of Aspergillus niger. Culture medium was composed of a solid (10-50%) and a liquid (90-&#13; 50%) part in order to complete the 100% of the medium. Results: A high concentration (19%) of&#13; tannins was found in PNS on a dry basis, from which condensed tannins and their monomers were&#13; found as the main fraction (14%) of tannins of PNS, also on a dry basis. In the strain selection step,&#13; Aspergillus niger GH1 showed better growth on pecan nut shells compared to A. niger PSH strain,&#13; therefore, A. niger GH1 was used for later experiments. The highest concentration of AP was obtained&#13; with SSC inoculated with spores of A. niger GH1 on the 40% of solids system and in 20% solids&#13; system where, among the other systems both presented 114 mg TP g-1 of phenolics liberation at 24 h&#13; of fermentation. PNS is an important source of catechin, being this kind of compound which can be&#13; liberated in higher proportion compared to other phenolics compounds. Conclusion: This study&#13; demonstrated that fermenting PNS represent a good alternative to both use residues and obtaining AP

Fungal Culture Systems for Production of Antioxidant Phenolics Using Pecan Nut Shells as Sole Carbon Source