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The feeding behaviour of 6 species of the Charadriidae and 19 species of the Scolopacidae was investigated during the spring and fall migration periods in 1985 at Kubiki Plain, Niigata Prefecture, central Japan. Pacing and pecking rates were recorded. The frequencies of pacing and pecking were compared between the different species and in different environments. 1) The Scolopacidae were found to peck continously while walking, but the Charadriidae stopped many times while pecking.2) The lighter species of the Charadriidae and Scolopacidae tended to peck more rapidly than the larger and heavier species did.3) In the Charadriidae peck rates were slower than in the Scolopacidae, and the variation among the Charadriidae in relation to the frequencies of walking steps was larger than the variation of frequencies of pecks, both during the spring and fall migration periods.4) In the Scolopacidae, peck rates were faster than in the Charadriidae and the variation of peck rates among species was very large.5) When Calidris alpina and Limicola falcinellus entered shallow water, they tended to probe in stead of pecking. The number of steps decreased from that recorded on wet mud because probing took longer than pecking.6) Members of the Scolopacidae and Charadriidae are ecologically separated by means of two adaptive trends. In the Scolopacidae, the trend is towards greater variation in the morphology and greater diversity in the use of the bill, while the trend in the Charadriidae is towards greater variation in the pace length which is related to the leg length. That is, the Scolopacidae are specialists in relation to bill usage, while the Charadriidae are generalists in relation to bill usage.

Ecological Separation and Comparative Feeding Behaviour of Shorebirds in Niigata Prefecture