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In this paper we analyze the relationship between forest fires and insect diversity in the Mediterranean environment. Using &#8220;distance from the ignition point&#8221; as explanatory variable, we developed a number of regression models predicting insect abundance and family richness, as well as some of the most common measures of biodiversity (e.g., Shannon index, Simpson index, Margalef index). We report a case study in a forest area (Bosco &#8220;Il Quarto&#8221; - 600 ha) located in the National Park of Alta Murgia, Apulia Region (southern Italy). Results show a significant influence of forest fire on insect abundance and family richness and a positive linear relationship between biodiversity and distance from the point of ignition for Coleoptera. Simpson&#8217;s index, in particular, appears the most suitable indicator for measuring the effects of fires on insect biodiversity in the short term

Influence of forest fires on insect diversity: a case study in Apulia