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The concept of self-organization has been used to interpret various complex issues and therefore becomes prevalent in many various academic domains. This paper presents the study urban transformation of a Chinese case Nanluoguxiang at neighbourhood level. Supported by questionnaires and interviews, we found out first, in comparison to the government-led urban development which is prevalent in China, Nanluoguxiang demonstrates characteristics of self-organization; Second, self-organizing transformation doesn’t always lead to order, but sometimes go against socially desired outcomes. Third, the development of Nanluoguxiang case has shown that self-organizing transformation can work well with planning regulation, depending on the appropriate configuration of institutions. These findings with evidence from China will enrich the ongoing theoretical debate and clarify misunderstandings of self-organization in cities, in particular how self-organization plays a role in everyday urban development and how this relates to planning

Interdependency of self-organisation and planning: evidence from Nanluoguxiang, Beijing