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Loss is inevitable for the optical system due to absorption of materials,scattering caused by the defects and surface roughness. In quantum opticalcircuits, the loss can not only reduce the intensity of signal, but also affectthe performance of quantum operations. In this work, we divide losses intounbalanced linear loss and shared common loss, and provide a detailed analysison how loss affects the integrated linear optical quantum gates. It is foundthat the orthogonality of eigenmodes and the unitary phase relation of thecoupled waveguide modes are destroyed by the loss. As a result, the fidelity ofsingle- and two-qubit operations decrease significant as the shared lossbecomes comparable to the coupling strength. Our results are important for theinvestigation of large-scale photonic integrated quantum information process.

Effect of unbalanced and common losses in quantum photonic integrated circuits