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[Objective] To analyze and understand cases of adverse effects of acupuncture and moxibustion published in medical journals between 2007 and 2011. [Methodology] We searched relevant articles with the Web of Japan Medical Abstracts Society and PubMed. We used keywords for acupuncture, moxibustion and related adverse events. [Results] We located 39 papers reporting 39 cases that occurred in Japan: infection (7 cases), organ injury (11), foreign body or needle breakage (8), neurological damage (6), cutaneous disease (1), adverse effects of moxibustion (4), and others (2). As for cases published in foreign countries, we located 60 relevant papers: infection (19 cases including 2 outbreaks), organ injury (13), foreign body or needle breakage (5), neurological damage (9), cutaneous disease (5), adverse effects of moxibustion (2), and others (7). [Conclusion] Although causal relationship has not been established in some cases, occurrences of infection, organ injury, and needle breakage/foreign body are still as high as they were before. This suggests that continual feedback to acupuncturists of information on safety is necessary.

Case reports on adverse effects of acupuncture and moxibustion:a review of papers published between 2007 and 2011