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The present study assesses the CO2 reduction potential of solar water heating systems (natural circulation) for single-family houses considering the natural and social conditions of local areas in Japan. The life cycle CO2 reduction is estimated by municipality when installing solar water heaters instead of conventional water heaters (i.e. oil, LPG, natural gas and electricity) used at present. The estimation results reveal that the CO2 reduction potential greatly varies from 156 to 589 [kg-CO2/household/yr] depending on the local areas. The CO2 reduction rate is also in the wide range of 11.1% to 28.7%. The total CO2 reduction potential in Japan is estimated to be 6.73 million [t-CO2/yr]. Local CO2 reduction potential is mainly affected by the three local factors: fuel-types of conventional water heaters, feed water temperature and air temperature. The local areas where electric water heaters are widely used (e.g. Chugoku region) have high CO2 reduction potential. Similarly, the local areas with low water temperature have high CO2 reduction potential (e.g. Hokuriku region). However, when air temperature is extremely low, the CO2 reduction potential is small because solar water heaters do not operate due to freezing (e.g. Hokkaido region).

CO<sub>2</sub> Reduction Potential of Solar Water Heating Systems on a Municipal Basis