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On a bench scale, we successfully produced 16 L/d, equal to 0.1 BPD (barrel per day), of hydrocarbon liquid fuel from woody biomass throughout a proposed biomass-to-liquid (BTL) process, which consisted of gasification, wet and dry gas cleaning, water-gas shift reaction, gas compression, and Fischer-Tropsch (FT) synthesis reaction. In the oxygen-enriched air/CO2 gasification using a downdraft fixed-bed gasifier, the addition of CO2 to oxygen-enriched air as a gasifying agent led to an increase in both the conversion to gas on a carbon basis and the syngas content because of the enhancement of CO2 gasification (C + CO2 → 2CO). The CO and H2 contents increased to 40.8 vol%, 28.7 vol% and the N2 content decreased to 6.9 vol% monotonously with an increase in the pure oxygen flow rate. When a mixture of 19.1/63.4/17.5 vol% of N2/O2/CO2 was used as the gasifying agent, the conversion to gas on a carbon basis was 90.1 C-mol% and the product gas composition was 27.9 vol% H2, 40.4 vol% CO 21.2 vol% CO2, 4.0 vol% CH4, 1.0 vol% hydrocarbons with a carbon number greater than 2 (C2+H.C.) and 5.5 vol% N2. Feed gas with a H2/CO ratio appropriate for the FT synthesis reaction (57.4 vol% H2, 28.5 vol% CO, 0.9 vol% CO2, 5.0 vol% CH4, 1.3 vol% C2+H.C., and 6.9 vol% N2) was prepared through the water-gas shift reaction, desulfurization, CO2 removal. In the FT synthesis reaction at 4 MPa and 290-320 °C using a Ru/Mn/Al2O3 catalyst, the CO and H2 conversions were 73.5% and 83.9%, respectively, and the chain growth probability was 0.82; further, the selectivity and space time yield of hydrocarbons with a carbon number greater than 5 as a liquid fuel were 81.4% and 1.793 kg/(kg-cat. h), respectively.

Liquid Fuel Production from Woody Biomass via Oxygen-enriched Air/CO2 Gasification on a Bench Scale