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Correspondence to: Ahmed Ali drahmedali77@gmail.com The present study aimed to clarify the phenomenon of presence of larger than normal follicles (OVGF) in female dromedary camels. Females with OVGF (n=125) were examined by manual palpation and ultrasonography. Accordingly, the OVGF were subdivided into those with thin walls and clear hypoechogenic content (OVGF-TH, n=18) and those with thick walls and fibrous trabeculae (OVGF-TK, n=107). Transvaginal follicle aspiration was performed in females with OVGF and from a control group with growing follicles (1-2 cm in diameter, GF group, n=5). Serum was collected at the same time of follicle aspiration and analyzed for Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), progesterone (P4) and estradiol-17β profiles (E2). The follicular fluid (FF) was analyzed for E2 and P4. The results showed that mean E2 concentration in FF and serum were lower in OVGF-TH and OVGHTK groups than in the GF group (P < 0.05). Difference between OVGF-TH and OVGH-TK groups was not significant. P4 in FF did not significantly differ among groups. Positive correlation was found between E2 in FF and E2 in serum (r = 0.495, r = 0.03). Mean FSH concentration in serum was higher in OVGF-TH and OVGH-TK groups than in the GF group (P = 0.03). Mean LH concentration was non-significantly (P=0.1) greater in OVGF-TH and OVGH-TK groups than in the GF group. In conclusion, female dromedary camels with OVGF had endocrine characteristics differed from camels with no OVGF. It seems that the high FSH and/or LH concentration(s) stimulated the continuing growth of the developing follicles to reach these large sizes, suggesting that the phenomenon of OVGF in camels is a pathological finding. Received: 16 June 2019

journal of camel health

The interrelationship between the occurrence of oversized follicles and the peripheral and intra-follicular concentrations of E2, P4, FSH, and LH in female dromedary camels