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Subject: This study aims to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of Lactobacillus Rhamnosus GG (LGG) associated with oral rehydration therapy (ORT), compared with ORT alone, on the treatment of children with acute diarrhea in Mexico, from patient’s perspective. Using published data on probiotics and costs, a cost-effectiveness model was built using time horizon of 15 days and cycle length of one day. Four health states were considered: 1) acute diarrhea (inpatient cases); 2) acute diarrhea (outpatient cases); 3) healed; 4) death. The base case was modeled as a hypothetical cohort of children from 1 month to 48 months of age diagnosed with acute diarrhea. A Mexican patient’s perspective was adopted. Outcome included was days of diarrhea avoided. Deterministic sensitivity analyses were conducted. The ICERs less than $459,058.95 per day of diarrhea avoided were considered cost effective. Deterministic sensitivity analysis was performed to measure the robustness of the model. Analysis showed that days with diarrhea avoided of patients in LGG and ORT was 12.60 days and for those only in ORT was 11.41 days. The total costs related to both groups were MXN 1,356.39 (LGG + ORT) and MXN 1,818.21 (ORT). Probiotic use dominated (more effective and less costly) no probiotic use in all cases in deterministic sensitivity analysis. Conclusion: LGG + ORT for acute diarrhea in children from 1 month to 48 months of age in Mexico more effective and less costly than only ORT. The use of this probiotic could lead to substantial cost savings.

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Cost-Effectiveness of Lactobacillus Rhamnosus GG Associated with Oral Rehydration Therapy Compared with Oral Rehydration Therapy Alone on the Treatment of Children with Acute Diarrhea in Mexico