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Suppose that Mary ' s birthday is tomorrow, but her boyfriend John thought it was yesterday and gave flowers to her yesterday. Mary was so disappointed that John was mistaken about her birthday and she was not even pleased with the flowers she received. ( la) says therefore that if we assume counterfactually that the "same thing" happens tomorrow instead of yesterday, then Mary is pleased then (Le. , tomorrow). Note here that since Mary is already disappointed, it is too late for John to do the "same thing" (Le., giving flowers to Mary) again tomorrow and please Mary. Put another way, two times are competing for the time of John ' s giving flowers to Mary, and the time at which this actually took place must be located in the past (lb) makes the same point Suppose that we were able to go out for a walk only once (within a contextually determined set of alternative dates) because of scheduling constraints and that today and tomorrow were the only two alternative possibilities. We decided to go out today, did so, and got rained on. Now the weather forecast says that tomorrow is guaranteed to be a sunny day. In this situation, ( l b) seems to be true. In both ( la) and ( l b) , the temporal adverb tomorrow is said to be "focused" in that it has intonational prominence. This is indicated by a subscripted F in (1). This type of example is not discussed explicitly in previous proposals such as Stalnaker ( 1968), Lewis ( l973) and Kratzer ( 1 98 1 , 1989). Rooth ( 1985) discusses some examples of counterfactuals with a focused constituent in the antecedent and proposes an account on the basis of Kratzer' s ( 1981) proposal, but his examples do not involve focused temporal adverbs. This paper presents a proposal that modifies the Kratzer-Rooth account to accommodate data such as ( la-b). The basic intuition about counterfactual conditionals is relatively straightforward. The antecedent of a counterfactual conditional normally posits a contrary-to-fact situation and draws some conclusion from this supposition. ! When we go through this reasoning, we make minimal adjustments to the actual world necessary to make the proposition given by the antecedent true, and then assert that the consequent is true in this hypothetical situation. Kratzer ( 1 98 1 ) expresses her intuitions as in (2) .

Counterfactuals, Temporal Adverbs, and Association with Focus