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0. Introduction Determining “lexical categories” has been an elusive enterprise in linguistic analysis. For example, one of these distinctions that are presumed to be applicable in most languages is that of “verbs” versus “nouns”. However, even this distinction is unclear in some cases, e.g. Tagalog and Nootka (Schachter 1985). In a similar vein, “verbs” are especially susceptible to forces that would drastically affect their “verbal” membership. For example, many studies have examined the grammaticization of verbs into prepositions (Konig and Kortmann 1991, Kortmann and Konig 1992, Xing 2003, inter alia). Other studies such as Hopper and Thompson 1984 address such issues by incorporating discourse-functional considerations into their analysis, with the underlying notion that lexical categories are primarily determined by discourse factors. This perspective may be refined further if the following questions are addressed: a) how would the determination of lexical categories be affected by discourse genre?; and b) can this comparison provide additional insight into the diachronic development of such categories? Variability across discourse genres appears to characterize ajak, a morpheme in Balinese that is traditionally described as a verb of accompaniment. Balinese is an Austronesian language of the Sundic sub-branch spoken primarily on the Indonesian island of Bali. In written Balinese, this study will show that ajak has three manifestations: as a morphosyntactic verb (with verbal morphology), as a preposition-like element in serial verb constructions, and as an incorporated element in quantifying expressions. In spoken discourse, ajak is more ambiguous in status: it occurs most frequently in its unaffixed form. The unaffixed form may point towards an advanced stage of grammaticization where ajak has developed into a preposition

“Ajak of all trades”: Problems with Categorizing Balinese ajak Across Discourse Genres