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A pair of geometrically isomeric unsaturated keto fatty acids, (6 E ,8 Z )- and (6 E ,8 E )-5-oxo-6,8-tetradecadienoic acids ( 1  and  2 ), were isolated from the culture broth of an actinomycete of the genus  Micrococcus , which was associated with a stony coral,  Catalaphyllia  sp. Their chemical structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis including NMR and MS, with special assistance of spin system simulation studies for the assignment of an  E  geometry at C8 in  2 . As metabolites of microbes, compounds  1  and  2  are unprecedented in terms of bearing a 2,4-dienone system. Both  1  and  2  showed antibacterial activity against the plant pathogen  Rhizobium radiobacter  and the fish pathogen  Tenacibaculum maritimum , with a contrasting preference that  1  is more effective to the former strain while  2  is so to the latter. In addition, compounds  1  and  2  displayed agonistic activity against peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) with an isoform specificity towards PPARα and PPARγ.

Two antibacterial and PPARα/γ-agonistic unsaturated keto fatty acids from a coral-associated actinomycete of the genus Micrococcus