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Host-guest complexes of C -hexyl-2-bromoresorcinarene (BrC6) with twelve potential aromatic N -oxide guests were studied using single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis and 1 H NMR spectroscopy. In the solid state, of the nine obtained X-ray crystal structures, eight were consistent with the formation of BrC6- N -oxide endo complexes. The lone exception was from the association between 4-phenylpyridine N- oxide and BrC6, in that case the host forms a self-inclusion complex. BrC6, as opposed to more rigid previously studied C -ethyl-2-bromoresorcinarene and C -propyl-2-bromoresorcinarene, undergoes remarkable cavity conformational changes to host different N -oxide guests through C-H···π (host) interactions. In solution phase CD 3 OD/CDCl 3 (1:1 v/v), all twelve N -oxide guests form endo complexes according to 1 H NMR; however, in more polar CD 3 OD/DMSO- d  6 (9:1 v/v), only three N -oxides with electron-donating groups form solution-phase endo complexes with BrC6. In solid-state studies, 3-methylpyridine N -oxide+BrC6 crystallises with both the upper- and lower-rim BrC6 cavities occupied by N -oxide guests. Computational DFT-based studies support that lower-rim long hexyl chains provide the additional stability required for this ditopic behaviour. The lower-rim cavity, far from being a neutral hydrophobic environment, is a highly polarizable electrostatically positive surface, aiding in the binding of polar guests such as N -oxides.

beilstein journal of organic chemistry

Host–guest complexes of conformationally flexible <i>C</i>-hexyl-2-bromoresorcinarene and aromatic <i>N</i>-oxides: solid-state, solution and computational studies

Host–guest complexes of conformationally flexible C-hexyl-2-bromoresorcinarene and aromatic N-oxides: solid-state, solution and computational studies