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In the recent years, there has been increasing focus on the effects of people-plant interactions on the livelihood of people in mainland Southeast Asia, including Myanmar, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam, and Yunnan Province of China. People of this region mainly cultivate rice as it is their staple diet; in addition, they cultivate other food crops for use in their daily diet and commercial crops as a source of cash income. They also collect forest products for subsistence needs and sales (Anderson 1993, NAFRI, NUoL and SNV 2007, Ochiai and Yokoyama 2007). Furthermore, homegardens owned by ethnic groups function for providing combination of plants to household members and for conserving plant diversity (Nawata et al. 2008, Huai et al. 2011, Srithi et al. 2012). This paper builds on my recent field observation of Ensete glaucum (Roxb.) Cheesman of family Musaceae (Ochiai 2003, 2007); I have discussed the knowledge and practices adopted by the local people of northern Myanmar and northwestern Laos with respect to the use of this plant. Eight species of the genus Ensete have been identified from Africa and Asia, such as Ensete glaucum (Roxb.) Cheesman, E. homblei (Bequaert ex De Wild.) Cheesman, E. lasiocarpum (Franch.) Cheesman, E. livingstonianum (J.Kirk) Cheesman, E. perrieri (Claverie) Cheesman, E. superbum (Roxb.) Cheesman, E. ventricosum (Welw.) Cheesman, and E. wilsonii (Tutcher) Cheesman (The Plant List 2012). According to Rossel and Constantine (2012), the genus Ensete has several characteristics that distinguish it from closely related Musa species of bananas and plantains. Ensete has a monocarpic propagation habit, dilated basal pseudostem, small number of large seeds (10 mm in diameter), and basic chromosome number of 9. It grows in grassy and rocky habitats with cool climate and is found mainly in Africa. The Asian species of E. glaucum is distributed across Myanmar, China, Thai land, Laos, V ietnam, the Philippines, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, and the Solomon Islands. In recent years, E. glaucum has been introduced into the ornamental plant markets with the trade name of “snow banana”. In Ethiopia, a unique agricultural system has been developed for the cultivation of the northeast African ABSTRACT In this paper, I have focused on Ensete glaucum (Roxb.) Cheesman of family Musaceae, and discussed the knowledge and practices adopted by the local people of northern Myanmar and northwestern Laos with respect to the use of this plant. Recent field observations indicate that E. glaucum is used for many purposes, including food, medicine, material, feed, and ornament. People participate in its growth in different ways, such as collecting it in forests, conserving it in human habitation, and deliberately cultivating it in homegardens. This case study suggests a particular type of people-plant interaction that extends beyond the functional boundary of a forest and describes a flexible method of forest resource management.

From forests to homegardens: A case study of Ensete glaucum in Myanmar and Laos