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Illegal logging has threatened the precious biodiversity of Gunung Palung National Park in West Kalimantan, Indonesia. This study focused on the effectiveness of buffer zone support programs to mitigate illegal logging activities inside the national park. Decentralization policy changed the buffer zone management body from the central government to a complicated one involving various local stakeholders, but there was no change in the stereotype, typically scattering of seedlings. The result of a sample settlement that can be categorized to wet rice farming revealed that the people utilized the adjacent environment on a sustainable basis, but at the same time engaged in destructive activities in distant places. The factor that might drive them to commercial logging was the existence of surplus male labor force, not necessarily rural poverty as suggested in previous studies. It is recommended that buffer zone support programs should pay more attention to differentiation inside rural societies and focus on creation of working opportunities for the younger generation suffering from unemployment. K e y w o r d s : I n d o n e s i a , G u n u n g P a l u n g National Park, buf fer zone, illegal logging, and decentralization

tropics

Effectiveness of buffer zone support programs in mitigating illegal logging by rural people: A case of Gunung Palung National Park in West Kalimantan, Indonesia