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A pollen and charcoal record of a core from the Rawa Danau peat swamp in Central West Java provides a picture of environmental change and fire history from ca. 7400 yr BP. This record also verifies the results of a previous study on the causes of change in lignin-phenols along the core. Woody peat has been accumulating at the site along the core. The record demonstrates that vegetation change occurred in the area as a response to climatic and environmental changes, as well as human disturbances. In addition, charcoal particles in peat indicate that fire occurred in this area throughout the period. Initially, the site was a swamp forest with numerous open areas from ca. 7400-6500 yrs BP. Vegetation in the Rawa Danau appears to have been stable during the period from ca. 6500 to 3800 years BP. Subsequently, open herbaceous swamp developed in the area from ca. 3800 to 2300 years BP as indicated by the preponderance of Gramineae. Dry climatic conditions with lower effective precipitation than that of the previous period prevailed during this period. This is correlative with regional climatic conditions at this time. The dry climatic conditions facilitated intensive fire, as indicated by the high C ⁄ P value in the pollen record. From ca. 2200 yr BP, the vegetation of the Rawa Danau swamp might have been more or less similar with the present vegetation. During the last 200 years, the vegetation in the Rawa Danau area became more open as a consequence of the significant increase in human disturbances. In addition, changes in lignin phenols (LPVI values) of the Rawa Danau core have been caused by changes in the proportion of Gramineae rather than that of the gymnosperms.

A holocene pollen and charcoal record from a tropical lowland swamp in Rawa Danau, West Java, Indonesia