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We present a method to automatically calculate time to fixate (TTF) from theeye-tracker data in subjects with neurological impairment using a drivingsimulator. TTF presents the time interval for a person to notice the stimulusfrom its first occurrence. Precisely, we measured the time since the childrenstarted to cross the street until the drivers directed their look to thechildren. From 108 neurological patients recruited for the study, the analysisof TTF was performed in 56 patients to assess fit-, unfit-, andconditionally-fit-to-drive patients. The results showed that the proposedmethod based on the YOLO (you only look once) object detector is efficient forcomputing TTFs from the eye-tracker data. We obtained discriminative resultsfor fit-to-drive patients by application of Tukey's honest significantdifference post hoc test (p < 0.01), while no difference was observed betweenconditionally-fit and unfit-to-drive groups (p = 0.542). Moreover, we show thattime-to-collision (TTC), initial gaze distance (IGD) from pedestrians, andspeed at the hazard onset did not influence the result, while the onlysignificant interaction is among fitness, IGD, and TTC on TTF. Obtained TTFsare also compared with the perception response times (PRT) calculatedindependently from eye-tracker data and YOLO. Although we reached statisticallysignificant results that speak in favor of possible method application forassessment of fitness to drive, we provide detailed directions for futuredriving simulation-based evaluation and propose processing workflow to securereliable TTF calculation and its possible application in for example psychologyand neuroscience.

Effectiveness of a time to fixate for fitness to drive evaluation in neurological patients