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The relationship between speech perception and production is central to understanding language processing, yet remains under debate, particularly in early development. Recent research suggests that in infants aged 6 months, when the native phonological system is still being established, sensorimotor information from the articulators influences speech perception: The placement of a teething toy restricting tongue-tip movements interfered with infants' discrimination of a non-native contrast, /Da/-/da/, that involves tongue-tip movement. This effect was selective: A different teething toy that prevented lip closure but not tongue-tip movement did not disrupt discrimination. We conducted two sets of studies to replicate and extend these findings. Experiments 1 and 2 replicated the study by Bruderer et al. (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 112 (44), 13531-13536, 2015), but with synthesized auditory stimuli. Infants discriminated the non-native contrast (dental /da/ - retroflex /Da/) (Experiment 1), but showed no evidence of discrimination when the tongue-tip movement was prevented with a teething toy (Experiment 2). Experiments 3 and 4 extended this work to a native phonetic contrast (bilabial /ba/ - dental /da/). Infants discriminated the distinction with no teething toy present (Experiment 3), but when they were given a teething toy that interfered only with lip closure, a movement involved in the production of /ba/, discrimination was disrupted (Experiment 4). Importantly, this was the same teething toy that did not interfere with discrimination of /da/-/Da/ in Bruderer et al. (2015). These findings reveal specificity in the relation between sensorimotor and perceptual processes in pre-babbling infants, and show generalizability to a second phonetic contrast.

Sensorimotor influences on speech perception in pre-babbling infants: Replication and extension of Bruderer et al. (2015)