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Calibration is the process by which the execution of actions becomes scaled to the (changing) relationship between environmental features and the actor's action capabilities. Though much research has investigated how individuals calibrate to perturbed optic flow, it remains unclear how different experimental factors contribute to the magnitude of calibration transfer. In the present study, we assessed how testing environment (Experiment 1), an adapted pretest-calibration-posttest design (Experiment 2), and bilateral ankle loading (Experiment 3) affected the magnitude of calibration to perturbed optic flow. We found that calibration transferred analogously to real-world and virtual environments. Although the magnitude of calibration transfer found here was greater than that reported by previous researchers, it was evident that calibration occurred rapidly and quickly plateaued, further supporting the claim that calibration is often incomplete despite continued calibration trials. We also saw an asymmetry in calibration magnitude, which may be due to a lack of appropriate perceptual-motor scaling prior to calibration. The implications of these findings for the assessment of distance perception and calibration in real-world and virtual environments are discussed.

The effects of testing environment, experimental design, and ankle loading on calibration to perturbed optic flow during locomotion