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In an experiment that investigated the effects of a low-rate response requirement on the strength of conditioned reinforcing stimuli, pigeons’ observing responses (treadle presses) produced stimuli associated with either a short (10-sec) or a long (30-sec) schedule component. Naive pigeons were exposed to a mixed schedule with two differential reinforcement of other behavior (DRO) components, which were later replaced by fixed-time (FT) components. Differ- ential observing behavior was not maintained during the DRO procedure, but preference was demonstrated for the shortest FT component stimulus. Fantino’s delay-reduction hypothesis was supported. However, the absence of differential observing under the DRO procedure suggests that either the low-rate response requirement or the lack of specific stimuli that unambiguously predict reinforcement delivery interfered with the establishment of the schedule stimuli as conditioned reinforcers.

Factors affecting the conditioned reinforcing strength of stimuli in differential reinforcement of other behavior and fixed-time schedules