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Based on earlier lesion studies, it was reasoned that the components of the rodent’s “general learning system” (an ensemble of brain structures essential for normal acquisition of a wide variety of laboratory tasks) could roughly be identified by determining which lesion placements within the rat brain would lead to defective acquisition of a spatial discrimination and its reversal as well as a visual discrimination and its reversal. Of the 29 cortical and subcortical sites investigated to date, only 9 qualify as components of the general learning system—pontine reticular formation, median raphe, interpeduncular nucleus and central tegmentum, substantia nigra, red nucleus, parafascicular nucleus, lateral thalamus, ventrolateral thalamus, and globus pallidus. It is proposed that these 9 brain regions constitute a major part of an organized nervous substratum mediating “anticipatory sets. ”

Impaired visual and spatial reversal learning in brain-damaged rats: Additional components of the “general learning system” of the rodent brain