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The role of the basal forebrain (BF) in spatial memory was evaluated by testing rats with BF lesions in the acquisition and reversal of a two-choice spatial discrimination. BF lesions were made by injecting ibotenic acid into the medial septal area and nucleus basalis magnocellularis. Behavioral testing was conducted in a T-maze. Rats were given a spatial discrimination in which food was located in only one of the arms. After successful performance in this discrimination, each rat was given a series of discrimination reversals. Control rats learned rapidly and performed well. BF rats had a significant impairment in all reversals, even the last one, which was given approximately 6 weeks postoperatively. These data show that the BF is necessary for normal spatial memory and reversal learning, and they are discussed in the context of the role of the BF in different types of memory processes.

Basal forebrain and memory: Neurotoxic lesions impair serial reversals of a spatial discrimination