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Unoperated and decorticated rats were trained on a shuttlebox conditioned avoidance response (CAR) according to a sequential schedule of d-amphetamine sulfate (1.0mg/kg) or vehicle injections. Unoperated rats acquired and retained the CAR regardless of drug conditions, with amphetamine tending to increase performance. Amphetamine enhanced locomotor activity in unoperated and operated rats under all conditions. Decorticate rats failed to show evidence of acquisition during initial training whether given amphetamine or vehicle injections. However, amphetamine injections resulted in dramatic increases in CAR performance only in decorticates which had no previous experience with the drug. Return to the vehicle-alone condition was accompanied by returns to low levels of responding. The rapid performance increments and their state-dependent nature suggested not only that rats with neocortical removals could acquire a CAR, but that such animals, trained without drug treatments, can acquire information about the CAR situation which they are unable to employ successfully, and that these “latent” traces can henceforth be expressed under the facilitatory effects of amphetamine.

physiological psychology

Residual capacity for avoidance learning in decorticate rats; Enhancement of performance and demonstration of latent learning with d-amphetamine treatments