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Separate groups of 50 uninitiated students made (1) a very first partition judgment of a gray, reflectance 19%, lying between light and dark standards, by marking a line; (2) a similar very first partition judgment with only a single standard; or (3) a very first fractional numerical judgment of lightness or darkness using the same display as (2). Comparing (2) with (1), a reflectance of 5% corresponds to the intercept of zero judged lightness or black. A reflectance of 45% corresponds to zero judged darkness or white. Since (3) gives similar results to (2), these subjective zeros should apply also to the first fractional numerical judgments of lightness and darkness. Correcting for the subjective zeros, one unit of lightness corresponds to about the same reflectance ratio as one unit of darkness. The subjectively equal stimulus spacing for the very first partition judgments of lightness lies between logarithmic and the Munsell neutral value spacing, but closer to logarithmic. In marking a line for the first time, uninitiated students avoid both the middle and the ends of the line. The bias needs to be distinguished from the response contraction bias on regression effect, which may accompany it.

Subjective zeros, subjectively equal stimulus spacing, and contraction biases in very first judgments of lightness