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In June 2015, the deepest population of the coral Dendrophyllia ramea (Linnaeus, 1758) observed until the present day in the Mediterranean Sea, was discovered on soft bottom areas off Protaras, eastern Cyprus (35o02′N, 34o05′E). During the CYCLAMEN research expedition on board the RV AEGAEO, video data (ROV Max ROVER) showed a healthy, well-developed and dense population of D. ramea at 125-170 m depth. Video surveys revealed numerous and dense patches (up to 4 colonies m) of candelabra-shaped D. ramea colonies (Fig. 1A) of different lengths and heights, some larger than 50 cm (Fig. 1B). In contrast to the more robust growth form of this species found on shallower hard substrates (e.g. Portugal, Spain), the Cypriot colonies are particularly elongated. However, preliminary molecular analyses indicate that the slender D. ramea from Cyprus is indeed the same species as the stout Portuguese form (D. Aurelle, pers. com.). In the Mediterranean Sea, its distribution has been mainly described across the Western Mediterranean Basin. The presence of the species is confirmed in the SW Mediterranean Basin, Alboran Sea (e.g. Zibrowius 1980, Ocaña et al. 2000), North African coasts, Sicily Channel and Sicily up to the Gulf of Naples (Zibrowius 1980). Colonies have also been observed in the Catalan Coasts (NW Mediterranean), Balearic Sea (Sánchez et al. 2004), and Gulf of Lions (Zibrowius 1980). In Atlantic waters, the species is also present in the Azores, Cabo Verde, Nigeria, the Gulf of Guinea and Ghana (Zibrowius 1980). When collecting colonies, the ROV manipulator sank deep in the soft substrate suggesting that no hard substrate exists immediately below the surface. Until now, D. ramea in the Mediterranean was considered to be associated to rocky substrates usually between 40 to 60 m depth, 100 m be ing the maximum recorded depth (Zibrowius 1980). In contrast, the dense communities of D. ramea of the Atlantic Ca nary Islands are found deeper (80-150 m), usually on hard substrates First in situ documentation of a population of the coral Dendrophyllia ramea off Cyprus (Levantine Sea) and evidence of human impacts

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First &lt;i&gt;in situ&lt;/i&gt; documentation of a population of the coral &lt;i&gt;Dendrophyllia ramea&lt;/i&gt; off Cyprus (Levantine Sea) and evidence of human impacts