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Based on 25 records (both published and new) we summarize the recent distribution of Pipistrellus kuhlii in the Czech Republic and discuss possible colonization routes. The species colonized a major part of the Czech Republic during 14 years since its first record in 2007. Based on locations and chronology of the records it seems that the eastern part of the Czech Republic (Moravia) was colonized from the south along the Dyje and Morava rivers, while in Bohemia, two possible routes may have existed: one from the south along the Vltava river from the Danube valley, and another from the east or south-east along the valley of the Svitava and Orlice rivers. Given the fact that already in 2018 the presence of P. kuhlii was confirmed in Saxony, which predated the species confirmation in the north-western and central parts of Bohemia, we do not exclude possible existence of a third colonization route along the Labe river from the north-west (Germany). All the records come from human settlements, typically cities or towns, and dates of the records suggests the year-round occurrence. At least four records (including two roosts of maternity colonies), all from Moravia, proved reproduction of this bat in the country. All examined individuals displayed pelage and skin colouration patterns typical for P. kuhlii kuhlii.

Pipistrellus kuhlii in the Czech Republic: 2007–2020 (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)