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Electrochemical surface treatment is commonly used to form a thin, rough, and porous oxidation layer on the surface of titanium. The purpose of this study was to investigate the formation of nanotubular titanium oxide arrays during short anodization processing. The specimen used in this study was 99.9% pure cp-Ti (ASTM Grade II) in the form of a disc with diameter of 15 mm and a thickness of 1 mm. A DC power supplier was used with the anodizing apparatus, and the titanium specimen and the platinum plate () were connected to an anode and cathode, respectively. The progressive formation of nanotubes was observed with FE-SEM (Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy). Highly ordered nanotubes were formed at a potential of 20 V in a solution of 1M + 1.5 wt.% HF for 10 minutes, corresponding with steady state processing. The diameters and the closed ends of nanotubes measured at a value of 50 cumulative percent were 100 nm and 120 nm, respectively. The nanotubes had lengths of 500 nm. As the anodization processing reached 10 minutes, the frequency distribution for the diameters and the closed ends of the nanotubes was gradually reduced. Short anodization processing for nanotubes of within 10 minutes was established.

TiO2 Nanotubular Formation on Grade II Pure Titanium by Short Anodization Processing