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Spatial distributions in terms of biomass and species composition of submerged macrophytes were surveyed in the southern basin of Lake Biwa in September, 2007. Macrophyte samples were collected from 52 sites by SCUBA. The vegetated area and total biomass (dry weight) of submerged macrophytes in the southern basin during the study period were estimated to be 48.6 km and 9623± 2665 t, respectively. The vegetated area increased by 6 km between 2002 and 2007, but the total biomass did not increase significantly during the same period. Although total biomass of submerged macrophytes increased along the west coast and in the central part of the southern basin, it decreased in the southern and northern parts of this basin. Twelve species of submerged macrophytes were recorded in this survey. Potamogeton maackianus was highly dominant; its biomass was 5370± 2217 t and accounted for 56% of the total biomass. Egeria densa (1211 ± 531 t) and Ceratophyllum demersum (1194 ± 709 t) were of the second rank. A third group of moderately abundant species (200 – 555 t) consisted of Elodea nuttallii, Hydrilla verticillata, Myriophyllum spicatum, Potamogeton malaianus, and Vallisneria denseserrulata. Other species were rare, having a biomass about 1 t or less. Filamentous algae found with submerged macrophytes had considerable biomass (726± 419 t). Biomass of P. maackianus, E. densa, and C. demersum did not change significantly from 2002 to 2007. Although the biomass of H. verticillata and M. spicatum decreased significantly in that period, that of E. nuttallii increased significantly.

Spatial distribution of submerged macrophytes in the southern basin of Lake Biwa in the summer of 2007, in comparison with that in 2002