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The water quality, biomass, and species composition of phytoplankton, zooplankton and fish in the artificial, shallow Sendabori Pond with a developed macrophyte community were studied in 1997 and 1999. Compared with 1997, a high population density of large-bodied cladoceran of Daphnia galeata was obsereved in 1999, and smallsized phytoplankton such as Cyclotella spp. and Melosira distans had declined from April to mid-May, coinciding with high transparency in 1999. Since the quantity of nutrients was higher in 1999 than 1997, it was considered that decrease in these phytoplankton was due to Daphnia grazing. Daphnia then disappeared due to a food shortage and 0 + largemouth bass predation. Moreover, larger individuals of Daphnia were more abundant inside the macrophyte zone than in open water, when 0+largemouth bass were present. It was considered that the macrophytes provided refuge against fish predation for the large-bodied cladocerans. These results suggest that the a top-down effect is active in the lake ecosystem, and that this effect may be a useful element in lake environment management in the future.

Studies on the dynamics of a cladoceran community and its inference on the water quality in an artificial shallow pond.