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The mountainous area of an upper river is important as the first site of conversion of rainwater to freshwater in a natural state. To study the sharp changes in storm runoff loading on the steep slopes of mountainous watersheds, detailed observations of three small rivers were conducted, including many runoff loading observations during storm events, regular observation of loading during the high flow stage on dry days for riverwater, and observations of annual total loadings of nutrients and pollutants for rainwater. In the mountainous rivers the concentrations and loadings for many water quality indicators under high flow condition increased as the mean value of observed flows increased in each observation year. The fact that the flow-weighted mean concentrations of almost all water quality indicators were higher than their arithmetic means confirmed the high loadings during the high flow stage. Regression equations for total loading during any storm runoff, ΣLgross/A= b⋅(ΣQgross/A)m, for the three rivers were obtained, and high correlation coefficients were noted for total, particulate and dissolved components of many indicators from 13-14 storm events. The exponent, m, in the regression equations for NO3-N, NO2-N, PO4-P and K for the three rivers exceeded 1.0. These analytical results are considered to confirm increases in nutrient and pollutant loading during storm runoff periods.

Storm Runoff Loading of Nutrients and Pollutants in Upper Rivers.