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The problem of environmental pollution caused by the development and use of petroleum is increasingly obvious, which is a serious threat to human health. The use of microbial degradation to treat oil pollution is one of the environmentally effective, economical and practical methods.In order to explore the soil microbial diversity in the desert area of Northwest China, this paper analyzes the soil bacterial diversity of soil samples collected from different oil-contaminated areas in Yumen Oilfield for the oil pollution problem in the Yumen Oilfield in the northwest desert area, and selects the high efficiency through pure culture technology. Petroleum degradation bacteria, and research on the biological characteristics of degrading bacteria. The composition, abundance and diversity of bacterial communities in oil-contaminated soil in Yumen Oilfield were analyzed. The culturable bacteria in western oil-contaminated desert soil were separated by coating plate method. The bacterial morphology and 16S rRNA gene system development analysis were studied. The structure and diversity of bacterial community could be cultured, and the oil utilization and degradation ability of the strain could be analyzed. The microbial diversity of Yumen oil-contaminated desert soil was analyzed by Illumina Miseq high-throughput sequencing. Through research, it is found that there are abundant bacterial groups in the oil-contaminated desert soil, and there are obvious diversity. The genetic material in the variable regions of the six soil samples detected a total of 3943 0TU at 97% similarity level, and obtained the soil microbial community. Doors, 48 classes, 78 orders, 179 families and 471 genera, including most common high-efficiency petroleum-degrading bacteria. Petroleum hydrocarbon pollution can change the microbial diversity and community structure of the original soil. The size of microbial diversity in the six soil samples is B2>A1>B1>A2>C1>C2, the diversity of B2 is the highest, the diversity of C2 is the lowest, and the microbial diversity differed greatly between groups, and there was no difference in the group. Among the dominant bacteria isolated from contaminated soil, 8 strains of oil have a degradation rate of more than 30%, including the species of the genus Rhodococcus and Pseudomonas. Soil desertification in western China has a great impact on the local ecological environment. Studying the microbial diversity of desert soils and separating highefficiency petroleum-degrading strains is of great significance for strengthening the ecological restoration of oil-contaminated environment in desert areas.

Bacterial Separation and Community Diversity Analysis of Petroleum Contaminated Soil in Yumen Oilfield