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Compared to other aquatic plants, Lemna minor L. (duckweed) rapidly proliferates, it has a very high growth rate [1], and an excellent absorption capacity of various pollutants from water [2]. Also, duckweed can grow in a wide variety of climatic conditions and it is easier to harvest than other macrophytes [3]. Duckweed has been commonly used as a hydrophilic model in ecotoxicology studies, due to its small size, simple structure and morphology, rapid growth rate, short life span and sensitivity to pollutants [4]. In temperate and tropical areas, some duckweed species (for example, S. polyrhiza, L. minor, L. gibba, L. minuta) do not have vegetative rest during autumn-winter, although their growth do slow when it is colder. In this respect, they can be effectively used for wastewater treatments throughout the year [5, 6]. Floating as well as emerging plants have been studied for the removal of nutrients and heavy metals present in various types of wastewater [7-9]. In addition, the tolerance of Lemna minor L. to the high loads of organic and inorganic nutrients has been proved, so this plants are effective to remove pollutants through filtration and bioaccumulation processes [5]. Although the growth of plants (terrestrial and aquatic) occurs over a large temperature range (0-50° C) [10], the absorption of nutrients is somehow conditioned and more specific to different plant species. Phosphorus is a macronutrient essential for the growth and harmonious development of terrestrial and aquatic plants [1, 11], but its presence in large quantities is harmful to the environment, especially to the aquatic systems, because triggers to the eutrophication. Eutrophication is a serious environmental pollution phenomenon being a major threat to the sustainable and the development of society as well as to the survival of humanity. The rapid development of the industrial and agricultural economy discharges a large amount of industrial and agricultural wastewaters, including municipal sewerage. Most of those wastewaters have been evacuated into lakes and rivers, leading to eutrophication of aquatic systems [12]. Anthropogenic activities, especially chemical pollution, have triggered various forms of environmental change [13]. According to the OECD (World Economic Cooperation and Development Organization), 80% of water eutrophication has been attributed to phosphorus, 10% of water bodies eutrophication directly related to nitrogen and phosphorus and the remaining 10% has been triggered by nitrogen and other factors [14]. The effects of eutrophication are numerous including, inter alia, the excessive growth of algae, the increase in the production of organic matter, which leads to the generation of hypoxic/anoxic conditions [15]. The chemical, biological and physical treatments have been very diverse based on the local regulations and level of pollutants [16]. Unfortunately, most of the pollutants have a longer life time, they are resilient into the nature and could spread over large areas and they could accumulate into aquatic organisms. The bioaccumulation factor -BCFis expressed as the ratio between the final concentration of a chemical substance in the organism and the initial concentration of a chemical substance in water [8]. The objectives of the study were 1) to investigate the degree of pollution of phosphorus-loaded water using Lemna minor L., and 2) the absorption capacity of this organic compound by the Lemna minor L. aquatic plant, depending on the temperature parameter.

The Influence of Temperature on the Absorption Capacity of Total Phosphorus by Lemna minor L.