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We aimed to investigate the antibiotic resistanceand virulencemarkers inGram negative bacilli (GNB) and Gram positives coccus (GPC), strains recently isolated from thehospital environment and from patients with surgical wound infections in order to obtain epidemiologically relevant data.The strains identification was performed withthe automated miniApi system. The resistancephenotypes were establishedusing disk diffusion (CLSI, 2017). 61 strains were screened for the production of enzymatic soluble virulence factors: hemolysins, amylase, caseinase, aesculin hydrolysis, DNA-ase, lipase, gelatinase and lecithinase, which give microorganisms the ability to colonize and disseminate in the host. Multiplex PCR reactions were performed for the detection of carbapenemases, aminoglycoside-resistant determinants (AMEs), quinolone and tetracycline resistance in GNR and SCCmec cassette type inStaphylococcus aureusstrains andto identify the geneticsupport of cell-associatedand soluble virulence factorsinE. colistrains(fimH, sfaDE, papC, eaea, cnf1, bfpa, eaf, AggR, EaggEgenes) and biofilm production in Acinetobacter baumannii isolates (OmpA).The isolatedE. coli and A. baumannii strains were resistant to -lactam antibiotics, including penicillins and beta-lactamase inhibitors, third / fourth generation cephalosporins and carbapenems (encoded byblaOXA-48likeand  blaTEMlike genes), quinolones (qnrA and qnrB), aminoglycosides(aadB), andtetracyclines (encoded by tetA and tetB). Most of the strains presented at least two of the eight tested virulence factors.The carbapenemases and ESBLs producers proved to be positive for the majority of the tested soluble virulence factors, proving the pathogenic potential of these strains. InS. aureusisolatesthe molecular analysis showed that 60% of the isolates were MRSA and the molecular analysis revealed the presence of the SCCmec cassette typemec IVa and III types. Our data suggest the hypothesis according to which nosocomial origin of the strains can be explained by multiple drug resistance and virulence determinants.

Resistance and Virulence Patterns in Gram Negative and Gram Positives Rods Isolated from the Hospital Environment in Bucharest, Romania