English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

does not appear. First page follows.  Introduction  The woolly apple aphid, Eriosoma lanigerum (Hausmann), has been known for over 150 years as a pest of apple trees that causes  a loss in tree vigor and that produces honeydew which drips on the fruit. Only in  recent years. has it been considered a pest of the fruit itself. In 1942, Essig4 reported its presence in the cores of Yellow Newtown Pippin apples from the Watsonville  area of California. This condition was reported again in 1954 by Madsen, Borden, and  Koch. It was found that these apples have an opening through the calyx into the core  of the fruit. The aphids can enter this small opening when they are first instar nymphs  and can establish colonies. inside the fruit. Almost the entire crop of this variety  of apple is used for canning. During the canning process the cores are removed mechanically,  but the coring machines are not always accurate, and portions of the core may escape  removal. If aphid colonies are present in those cores which are not removed, insects  or insect fragments would be contained in the finished product.  In the course of investigations on preventing the presence of aphids in the cores  of the fruit, it was felt that some attention should be given to when and why the  aphids moved into the fruit. In addition, woolly apple aphids were observed to be  continually moving up and down the tree between limbs and roots. For these reasons,  studies were undertaken of the time and direction of the movements, the number of  aphids involved, and some of the factors controlling the movement.  Taxonomy  Eriosoma laniqerusn is a member of the family Aphidae, subfamily Eriosomatinae, according to (Palmer (1952)). The species was first described by Hausmann in 1802 as Aphis lanigera. Since that time it has been given several generic and specific names by various  authors.

Dispersal behavior of the first instar nymphs of the woolly apple aphid